Blair, N. J. & Kruschke, J. K., (submitted). Retrospective Revaluation and Configural Learning in Human Categorization.

ABSTRACT: This article investigates phenomena in associative learning known as retrospective revaluation, wherein participants learn about absent cues that have been seen before in previous trials. New experiments demonstrate that blocking and backward blocking are readily observed in human categorization. To find evidence for conditioned inhibition or backward conditioned inhibition, control cues must be encoded as conjunctions of cues rather than as disjunctions. No current model of associative learning, to our knowledge, can account for these results.