Review for the final

1. Speech styles:
• The Plain style ~(는/ㄴ)다, ~느냐/(으)냐/니, ~어라/아라/(으)라, ~자 (G5.1, G6.2)
• The Intimate style ~어/아 (G6.1, G6.2)
• Hearsay (G5.4): ~대/래(요), ~내(요), ~ (으)래(요), ~재(요)
• Indirect quotation (G6.3)
• Confirming: ~다면서(요)/라면서(요)? G6.4)

2 Endings
The subject undergoing a situation:
• ~어/아 지다 (G1.1): Change from one state (or condition) to another. ‘become...’
Combines mostly with adjectives and expresses a change of state
• ~게 되다 (G3.1): Change of turn or events; mostly used with verbs, except that used with color adjectives.

Appealing to what the listener would be familiar with:
• ~잖아요 (G1.2): ‘You know, . . .’; the speaker assumes that the listener will agree with him/her.
• 거든요 (G4.2): ‘You see, (because).....’; the speaker expects the listener to see the correltaion

Speaker’s assessment:
• ~(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 (G2.5): ‘it seems/looks like’
• ~겠- ( ~겠어요, ~었겠어요, ~겠네요, ~었겠네요) (G3.3): reason out based on the evidence available
• ~어도 되다/ ~(으)면 안 되다 (G2.3): permission/prohibition
~어/야지(요) (G4.5): obligation to do something.
• ~(으)면 되다 (G3.2): ‘it would do if....’, ‘all I have to do is....’

Speaker’s wish, desire, intention:
• ~(으)면 좋겠다 (G1.5): ‘I wish...’ (‘it’d be good/nice if something were the case.’)
• ~겠습니다 (G1.6): announcing a procedure, a step, or an agenda of an official or business activity, as well as expressing the speaker’s will or intention in a formal setting.
• ~(으)려고/~(으)려고 하다 (G2.1): intending to/to intend to
• ~기(가) 어렵다/쉽다/좋다/싫다/편하다......(G2.2): ‘it is difficult/easy/good/bad/convenient to . . .’
• ~게요? (G5.2)
• ~기로 하다 (G15.8)

ability and possibility
• ~(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 (G15.4) vs. ~(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 (G15.6)

Others:
• ~기 시작하다 (G15.2)
• ~어/아 본 적(이) 있다/없다 (G3.4): past experience - (Have you ever ~en?)
• ~는 길이다/~는 길에 (G4.1): ‘(be) on one’s way’
• ~(이)요 (G4.4): used to give the simplest answer.
• ~는 중이다 (G5.3): in the process/middle of....
• ~(으)ㄴ/는지 알다/모르다 (G5.5):
• ~(으)ㄴ 지 얼마나 됐어요?
~(으)ㄴ 지 Time Span (-이/가) 되다. G5.6)

3. Connectives
Temporal:
• ~던 (G1.3): what was happening in a past moment
• ~(으)ㄴ 다음에/후에 (G1.4): ‘after doing (something)’
vs. ~기 전에 ‘before . . .’ (G15.2)
vs. ~(으)ㄹ 때 ‘(at the time) when . . .’ (G15.7)
• ~는 동안 (G3.5): ‘while, during’
• ~다가 (G5.7): shifting a momentum from one situatio to another.
• ~느라고 (G4.6) ‘As a result of . . .’ or ‘because of/for doing . . .’

Temporal/conditional:
• ~(으)면 (G15.3) vs. ~(으)ㄹ 때 ‘(at the time) when . . .’ (G15.7)

Others:
• ~(으)려면: (G4.3): ‘in order to’, ‘if you intend to . . .’
• ~(으)니까 (G6.5) setting out a ground for the subsequent message
• 아무리 ~어도/아도 (G6.6): no matter how.....

4. Particles
• N1말고 N2 (G2.4): not N1 but N2
• ~(으)로 (G2.6): 1) direction 2) by means of 3) change ‘into’ 4) one of several choices
• 보다 (더) ‘ more than . . .’ (G15.5)