G6.4 Negation particles ¾È vs. ¸ø

¾È and ¸ø are placed right before a verb or adjective to make a sentence in negation.

See grammar notes.

<¾È>

(º¸Åë) ¾ÆÄ§ ¸Ô¾î¿ä?

Çб³¿¡ ¸ÅÀÏ ¿Í¿ä?

ÁÒ±ëÇØ¿ä?

ÁÖ¸»¿¡ °øºÎÇØ¿ä?

·¦¿¡¼­ (¸ÅÀÏ) ¿¬½ÀÇØ¿ä?

Ãß¼ö°¨»çÀý (Thanksgiving break)¿¡ Áý¿¡ ¾È °¡¿ä?

´ÙÀ½ Çб⿡ Çѱ¹¾î ¾È µé¾î¿ä?
 

Special negative expression
´ëÇпø»ýÀÌ¿¡¿ä? (-ÀÌ¿¡¿ä     <-->    ¾Æ´Ï¿¡¿ä)

Çü ÀÖ¾î¿ä?        (ÀÖ¾î¿ä      <-->       ¾ø¾î¿ä)

ÇÏÀÎÁî ¿öµå ¾Ë¾Æ¿ä?   (¾Ë¾Æ¿ä      <-->      ¸ô¶ó¿ä)
 

<¸ø>

Examples   
(1) ¿µ¹Ì: ¸°´Ù¾¾, ¾ð´ÏÇÑÅ× ÀüÈ­ ÀÚÁÖ Çϼ¼¿ä?
  ¸°´Ù: ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ÀÚÁÖ ¸ø ÇØ¿ä.
(2) ¸¶ÀÌŬ: »÷µð¾¾, ¸°´Ù »ýÀÏÆÄÆ¼¿¡ °¥ °Å¿¹¿ä?
  »÷µð: ³»ÀÏ ½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ±×·¡¼­, ¸ø °¥ °Å¿¹¿ä.
(3) [Steve did not come to school today. Jenny calls Steve to find out why.]
  Á¦´Ï: ½ºÆ¼ºê¾¾, ¿ÖÇб³¾È ¿Ô¾î¿ä?
  ½ºÆ¼ºê: ¸Ó¸®°¡¾ÆÆÄ¿ä(I have a headache). ±×·¡¼­, ¸ø °¬¾î¿ä.
(4) ¼±»ý´Ô: ¼÷Á¦ ´Ù Çß¾î¿ä?
  ½ºÆ¼ºê:

¾Æ´Ï¿À, ¸ø Çß¾î¿ä.

Notes
We learned in Lesson 5 (G5.5) that ¾È is used to negate a statement in general. When a situation does not occur because of an inevitable external circumstance, rather than by the speaker's will, however, ¸ø, instead of ¾È, is used. That is, in (1), ¸°´Ù is saying that she does not mean to not call her sister often, but that her circumstance prevents her from doing so. Similarly, in (2), Sandy cannot go to Linda's birthday party, not because she does not want to, but because of an external circumstance, namely, there is an exam tomorrow so that she has to study. In (3), Steve could not go to school today because he had headache.

[¿¬½À] Fill in the blank with either ¾È or ¸ø, depending on the context.

º¸±â
¸¶ÀÌŬ: »÷µð¾¾, ¸°´Ù »ýÀÏÆÄÆ¼¿¡ °¥ °Å¿¹¿ä?
  »÷µð: ³»ÀÏ ½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¿ä. ±×·¡¼­,(¸ø) °¥ °Å¿¹¿ä.

(1) ¿µ¹Ì: ½ºÆ¼ºê¾¾, Âû¸®Ã¤Çø° ¿µÈ­ ºÃ¾î¿ä?
 ½ºÆ¼ºê: ¾Æ´Ï¿ä, Àú´Â Äڸ޵𸦠¾È ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ¿ä.
          ±×·¡¼­ ¾ÈºÃ¾î¿ä.

(2) ¸¶ÀÌŬ: ½ºÆ¼ºê, Çѱ¹¾î ¼÷Á¦ ´Ù Çß¾î¿ä? [´Ù 'all']
   ½ºÆ¼ºê: ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ³Ê¹« ¾î·Á¿ö¿ä (It is too difficult).
            ±×·¡¼­, ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸ø Çß¾î¿ä. [¾ÆÁ÷ 'yet']

(3) Á¦´Ï: ¸¶ÀÌŬ¾¾, ¿À´Ãµµ Å״Ͻº ÃÆ¾î¿ä ?
 ¸¶ÀÌŬ: ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ¿À´ÃÀº ÇÑ ½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú¾î¿ä.
          ±×·¡¼­ ¸øÃƾî¿ä.

(4) Á¦´Ï: ½ºÆ¼ºê¾¾, ¿À´Ã Çѱ¹¾î ¼ö¾÷ ¾È °¡¼¼¿ä?
         ½ºÆ¼ºê: ³×. ¿À´Ã ¼±»ý´ÔÀ̸ø/¾È¿À¼Ì¾î¿ä.
          ±×·¡¼­ ¼ö¾÷ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¿ä.

(5) ¸°´Ù: ¿µ¹Ì¾¾, ¿äÁò ¿µÈ­ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÃ¾î¿ä?
    ¿µ¹Ì: ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ¿äÁò Á» ¹Ùºü¿ä.
          ±×·¡¼­ ¿äÁò ¿µÈ­¸¦ ¸ø ºÁ¿ä.