H105, American History I (Prof. Konstantin Dierks)
Week 3 timelines

Virginia maps:

John White, La Virgenia Pars (1585)
John Smith, Virginia map (1612)
John Farrer, Virgo Triumphans: or, Virginia richly and truly valued (originally 1650)

from temporary outpost to permanent colony:

1607-1619 temporary outpost against Spain

1619 creation of "headright" land system -- from extraction (gold) to production (tobacco)
1620 importation of women -- from outpost to settlement
1634 creation of county system -- from Native American to English land

headright:

100 acres for settling

additional 50 acres for sponsoring servant

indentured servitude:

sponsor paid passage from England across Atlantic Ocean

in exchange for 5 or more years of servants' labor (whereupon awarded freedom)

cultural symbolism of women:

Johannes Stradanus, America (c.1580)
Joan Blaeu, Atlas Major (1662-1663)
Taino women at work, drawing by Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo (16th century)
Iroquois women at work, drawing by Joseph-Francois Lafitau, in Moeurs de Savages Ameriquains (Paris, 1724)
John Smith, A Map of Virginia (1612)
Queen Elizabeth I
Pocahontas
Thomas Niccolls, letter to Jo. Worsenholme (April 2, 1623)

evolution of slavery alongside expansion of Europe:

13th-15th century        Genoa and Venice in Eastern Europe and Middle East

15th century                Portugal in Africa and Atlantic islands

16th century                Spain in Central and South America

16th century                Dutch in Africa and Brazil

16th century                English in Africa and Caribbean and North America

from white servitude to black slavery in English colonies:

1640s        Barbados (sugar production)

1680s        Virginia (tobacco production)

1690s        South Carolina (rice production)

before 1660:

economic depression in England

high mortality (death rate) in Chesapeake

servants were cheap, low-risk investment
slaves were expensive, high-risk investment

after 1660:

economic recovery in England

lower mortality in Chesapeake

servants were less available, and more expensive
slaves became more available, and less expensive

early modern images of slavery:

Elmina Castle, Gold Coast, Ghana (built 1482 by Portugal; image 1668)
plan of Liverpool slave ship, Brookes (1789)
Frans Post, Nederzetting in Brazilie (1654)
Charles de Rochefort, Historie Naturalle et morale des iles Antilles de l'Amerique (1665)
portraits of West African diplomat and Dutch merchant (1641)