H105, American History I (Prof. Konstantin Dierks)
Week 2 timelines

basic timeline

1492	Columbus "discovered" "America"
1519	Spanish invasion of Aztecs in Mexico
1531	Spanish invasion of Incas in Peru
1586-1590	"Lost Colony" briefly established by England at Roanoke

from constricted to expansionist "Europe":
 

711-1492	Moors from northern Africa occupied Spain
1291	Mamelukes (Egypt) expelled Europeans from Middle East
1291	Genoa (Italy) sponsored Vivaldi brothers to circumnavigate Africa; they disappeared
1415	Portugal conquered Ceuta, northern Africa
1434-1460	Prince Henry (Portugal) sponsored exploration of African coast
1453	Ottomans conquered Constantinople
1465-1479	Ottomans defeated Venice in naval war
1492	Spain expelled Moors; Columbus “discovered” “America”
1493	Pope Alexander VI divided world between Portugal and Spain
1497-1499	Vasco da Gama (Portugal) circumnavigated Africa

Europe’s changing map of the world, 1459-1570:

Fra Mauro (1459)
Henricus Martellus (1489)
Alberto Cantino (1502)
Johann Ruysch (1507-1508)
Oronce Fine (1536)
Sebastian Munster (1544)

Europe’s changing image of self and other, 1478-1705:

Hieronymous Bosch, Christ Carrying the Cross (1490)
Konrad von Megenberg, Das Buch der Natur (1478 edition)
Levinus Hulsius, The Accounts of Raleigh’s Search for El Dorado (1599)
Theodore de Bry, “Picte I,” "Picte II" (1590)
Christopher Columbus, report (1493)
John Harris, Voyages and Travels (1705; 1744 edition)
John White watercolors (1585)
Theodore De Bry engravings (1590)

musical interlude:

Frei Manuel Cardoso (c1566-1660), choral music composer in Lisbon, Portugal

images of European barbarism:

Raphaell Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande (1577)

European moral dissension within Spain:
 

1482-1492	reconquest of Granada (southern Spain); ouster of Moors
1511	Antonio de Montesinos dissented
1512	Law of Burgos regulated conquest
1513	Requerimiento
1519	Spanish invasion of Aztecs in Mexico
1525	Council of the Indies established
1526	Oviedo, De la natural historia de las Indias
1531	Spanish invasion of Incas in Peru
1535	Oviedo, La historia general de las Indias
1535	Sepulveda, Democrates primus
1547	Las Casas returned from New World to Spain
1547	Sepulveda, Democrates alter
1550	Sepulveda and Las Casas debate at Valladolid
1552	Las Casas, Brevissima Relacion
1566	Las Casas died
1568-1648	Holland began rebellion against Spanish rule (diversion of moral debate; expansion of “Black Legend”)
1569-1572	Viceroy Toledo commissioned Spanish revision of Inca history
1572	Viceroy Toledo executed Inca historian and read Spanish version aloud of Inca history to Inca leaders
1577	Spanish Inquisition forbade research into Native American culture, and confiscated all manuscripts

European moral dissension outside Spain:

Theodore de Bry, America, Book 4 (1590-1634)

indigenous histories:

Codex Borgia (c.1400):
native supervision; native pictographic language

Codex Mendoza (c.1541-1542):
Spanish supervision; Spanish language; native illustrations

Florentine Codex (c.1577):
Spanish supervision; native language; native illustrations

Guaman Poma, El Primer (1615):
native supervision; Spanish language; native illustrations