A300, Cultural Encounters in Early America (Prof. Konstantin Dierks)

MASTER TIMELINES
Europe's position in the world:

14th century global weakness
1492-1504 Columbus's four voyages to Americas
16th century global agression (construction of power)
19th century global domination (consolidation of power)
mid 20th century global decolonization (e.g., 1947 India's independence from British rule; 1957 Ghana's independence from British rule

Europe's imperial rivalries and formation of continental identity:

15th-16th century Portugal establishes trading outposts in Africa and Asia where indigenous peoples were strong
16th century Spain colonized Americas where indigenous peoples were weak
17th century global imperial competition from Holland, France, England/Britain
early 17th century English articulation of pan-European continental identity:  Europe, Asia, Africa, America

Europe's ages of empire and age of revolution:

15th-18th century first age of empire:  in Americas
1775-1804 age of revolution:  American, French, and Haitian Revolutions
19th-20th century second age of empire:  in Middle East, Asia, Africa
1815-1914 British imperialism (“Second British Empire”) (i.e., from end of Napoleonic Wars to beginning of World War One)
1871-1914 European imperialism (“Scramble for Africa”) (i.e., from end of Franco-Prussian War to beginning of World War One)

population shifts in North America east of Mississippi River:

1492 2,000,000 Native Americans 0 Europeans and Africans
1700 ? Native Americans 250,000 Europeans and Africans
1750 250,000 Native Americans 1,250,000 Europeans and Africans

Spanish conquest and imperial rivalries in New World

1492-1504 Columbus's four voyages to Americas
1493 Papal Bull by Pope Alexander VI awarded western hemisphere (Americas) to Spain and eastern hemisphere (Africa, Asia, also Brazil) to Portugal
1513
Spanish Requerimiento validated conquest
1517 Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation
1519
Spanish invasion of Aztecs in Mexico
1525
Council of the Indies established to regulate conquered lands
1531
Spanish invasion of Incas in Peru
1534
Henry VIII and Church of England
1558-1603 Elizabeth I and imperial rivalry with Spain
1568-1648 Dutch rebellion against Spanish imperial rule; 1648 independence

Europe's initial colonization of North America:

1565 St. Augustine (Florida) (by Spanish)
1585 Roanoke "Lost Colony" (North Carolina) (by English)
1607 Jamestown (Virginia) (by English)
1608 Quebec (Canada) (by French)
1625 New Amsterdam (New York) (by Dutch)
1638 Fort Christina (Delaware) (by Swedish)

origins of American empire?:

1790 Harmar’s Defeat (near Fort Wayne IN)
1795 Treaty of Greenville (after Battle of Fallen Timbers, near Toledo OH)
1830 Indian Removal Act (trans-Mississippi continental expansion)
1856 Guano Islands Act (extra-continental expansion, in Pacific Ocean)
1898 Spanish-American War (colonialism)
20th century from colonialism to neo-imperialism