HEART RATE:VO2 RELATIONSHIPS
Fall  2002
135 Points

     The components of an exercise prescription include

  • mode
  • frequency
  • duration
  • intensity
  • precautions
It is easy for the client or patient to understand and follow an exercise prescription in terms of the mode, frequency and duration.   Intensity is not so straight forward.   Intensity is measured as a percentage of one's own maximal capacity.    For example, an intensity of 100% would be the same for everyone.    That is, at 100% each person would be exercising as hard as he/she could work.   A 50% intensity would be half as hard as he/she could work, no matter how fit the individual is.   It is somewhat easy to understand the concept of intensity, but harder to guide it during a workout.    Heart rates have been used to help guide exercise intensity because they have a linear relationship between them.    This linear relationship, however, is not as straight forward as it may seem.   Thus, the purpose of this lab is to explore the relationship between heart rate and work (VO2) for different modes of exercise.

     This lab also provides the opportunity to compare arm and leg work. Using different combinations of arm and leg work, simple concepts regarding the efficiency of work can be explored.

Click here to download the lab write-up.

Click here to download the data form.
Turn this data form in to Dr. Wallace as soon as you collect the data.

 
LABORATORY PROCEDURES

     Measure the following variables for each protocol

  • Heart Rate
    • at rest (average 5 minutes of rest)
    • each minute of exercise
    • each minute of recovery
  • Blood Pressure
    • at rest (average 5 minutes of rest)
    • each stage of exercise
    • each minute of recovery
  • Oxygen uptake
    • at rest (average 5 minutes of rest)
    • each minute of exercise
  • Workrate
    • each stage of exercise

      1. Arm and Leg Protocol (Day 1)

        2.      Randomize the order of work among the lab groups. Use the Schwin Airdyne.

        • 5 minutes of arm work at 150 kpm/min
        • 5 minutes of leg work at 150 kpm/min
        • 5 minutes of both arm and leg work at 150 kpm/min each

        Click here for a recording form.

2. Arm Work Protocol (Day 1)

      Use the Monark Cycle Ergometer.

  • Begin at 75 kpm/min for 2 min
  • Increase 75 kpm/min every 2 min until max
  • Active recovery for, at least 5 min

Click here for a recording form.

3. Leg Work Protocol (Day 2)

     Randomize the order of work among the lab groups. Use the Monarch Cycle Ergometer.

  • Begin at 300 kpm/min for 2 min
  • Increase 150 kpm/min every 2 minutes until max
  • Active recovery for, at least, 5 minutes

Click here for a recording form.

4. Static Work Protocol (Day 2)

         Randomize the order of work among the lab groups. Use the handgrip dynamometer.

    • Begin at at 10 kg for 2 min
    • Increase 5 kg every 2 minutes
      • until the load can not be maintained for more than one minute
      • terminate early if diastolic blood pressure exceeds 120 mmHg.

Click here for a recording form.

 

References:

  1. Exercise Physiology references
  2. ACSM Guidelines
  3. Davis, J.A., and V.A. Covertino. A comparison of heart rate methods for predicting endurance training intensity. Medicine and Science in Sports 7:295-298, 1975.
  4. Franklin, B.A., J. Hodgson, and E.R. Buskirk. Relationship between percent maximal O2 uptake and percent maximal heart rate in women. Research Quarterly 51:616-624, 1980.
  5. Karvonen, M.J., E Kentala, and O. Mustala. The effects of training on heart rate. Annals of Medicine Experimental Biologica Fenn 35:307-315, 1957.
  6. Swain, D.P. and B.C. Leutholtz. Heart rate reserve is equivalent to %VO2 reserve, not to %VO2 max. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 29:410-141, 1997.
  7. Smodlaka, V.N. Treadmill vs bicycle ergometers. The Physician and SportsMedicine 10:75-80, 1982.
  8. Thompson, D.L., W.T. Boone, and H.S. Miller. Comparison of treadmill exercise and tethered swimming to determine validity of exercise prescription. Journal of Cardiac Rehabilitation 2:363-372, 1982.
  9. Currie D.M., D. Gilbert, B.J. Dierschke. Aerobic capacity with two leg work vs one leg plus both arms work in men with peripheral vascular disease. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 73:1081-1084, 1992.
  10. Kang, J., R.J. Robertson, F.L. Goss, S.G. Dasilva, R.R. Suminski, A.C. Utter, R.F. Zoller, and K.F. M Metz. Metabolic effciency during armand leg exercise at the same relative intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports 29:337-382, 1997.
  11. Hooker, S.P., J.D. Greenwood, D.T. Hathe, R.P. Husson, T. L. Mattheisen and A.R. Waters. Oxygen uptake and heart rate relationship in persons with spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25:1115-1119, 1993.

  12. Electronic Reading Reserves can be found at http://ereserves.indiana.edu/coursepage.asp?cid=574&page=01

    Password = aerobics

QUESTIONS. Indicate references, including page numbers.

  1. Plot the following graphs for all three modes of exercise - on the same graph.

    1. Heart rate vs VO2 (5 pts)
    2. % max Heart Rate vs % VO2 (5 pts)

      3. % value = [value/max value] 100

      Use the highest (same) heart rate and oxygen consumption in the equation above for all three modes.

    3. Heart rate reserve vs % VO2max (5 pts):

      4. Reserve (%) = [(Value - rest)/(max - rest)] 100

      % value = [value/max value] 100

      Use the lowest (same) resting heart rate and oxygen consumption in equation above for all three modes.   Use the highest (same) heart rate and oxygen consumption in the equation above for all three modes.

    4. Heart rate reserve vs VO2max reserve is calculated by (5 pts):

      5. Reserve (%) = [(Value - rest)/(max - rest)] 100

      Use the same (lowest) resting heart rate and oxygen consumption in equation above for all three modes.   Use the same (highest) heart rate and oxygen consumption in the equation above for all three modes.

  2. Heart rate is used to guide exercise intensity because it has a linear relationship with oxygen uptake.   What other physiological variables could be used to estimate the intensity of exercise? (5 pts.)


  3. Which of the preceding graphs demonstrates the most linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption?   The most linear graph will have a line which goes through the origin of the graph and extend on a perfect diagonal to the upper right hand corner of the graph (ie. A relationship of 1:1).   (5 pts)


  4. What is the Karvonen Formula?   (5pts)


    5.
    1. How was the Karvonen formula used in the original article?   (5 pts)
    2. List three different investigators who validated the Karvonen Formula for exercise prescription?   (5 pts)


  5. How accurate is the use of the Karvonen Formula for estimating exercise intensity?   (10 pts)


  6. Does the %HRmax technique overstimate or underestimate exercise intensity?   Explain.   (10 Points)


  7. Can a target heart rate for swimming be obtained from a treadmill heart rate vs VO2 graph? Explain. Are the findings of the Boone article as expected?    (10 pts.)


  8. List and explain "ideal" procedures for prescribing the proper intensity for a swimming exercise program.   (10 pts.)


  9. Can the target heart rate derived from a treadmill test be used to monitor the intensity of any mode of activity?   Why/why not?   (10 pts)


  10. What are the considerations you must remember when prescribing a target heart rate from one mode to another?   Why?   (5 pts.)


  11. Is the energy expenditure similar for arm and leg work (at the same absolute work load; ie 150 kpm/min)?   Explain the mechanisms.   (10 Points)


  12. In Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), exercise testing and training may have to be performed with one leg or with arms instead of legs.    What did Currie find for the energy expenditure for arm vs leg work in PVD?   (10 Points)


  13. In Peripheral Vascular Disease, amputees may have to exercise with a prosthesis.   Compare the energy expenditure of walking with a prosthesis with normal walking.   (5 pts)


  14. How is arm ergometery in paraplegia different from arm ergometry for apparently healthy adults?   Can the HR-VO2 relationships be applied to paraplegic patients?   (10 pts)
    15.