q Gender differences in receiving tenure \ 2008-06-26W77b30 Jun 2008 08:46idaletenurefemaleyeare2yearsqselectarticlesprestigepresthiallisonsmrmalet%12.0g %12.0g %12.0g %12.0g %9.0g %12.0g %12.0g %12.0g %9.0g %10.0g %9.0g emaleemalefemaleallisonsmrmaleID of scientistBɉ\@-`@Bɉ\@- `@G @Is tenured?istBɉ\@-`@Bɉ\@- `@G @Scientist is female?@-`@Bɉ\@- `@G @Years in rankemale?@-`@Bɉ\@- `@G @Years in rank squared@-`@Bɉ\@- `@G @Selectivity of bachelor's institution@Bɉ\@- `@G @Total number of articles institution@Bɉ\@- `@G @Prestige of departments institution@Bɉ\@- `@G @Prestige is 4 or higher? institution@Bɉ\@- `@G @Sample used in Allison SMR 1999 paper@Bɉ\@- `@G @ample used in Allison SMR 1999 paper@Bɉ\@- `@G @X_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' datasignature_dt7,_m+1.645505b210000X+028_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' datasignature_vl17 id tenure female year yearsq select articles prestige presthi allisonsmr maleg_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' datasignature_si7,_m'2945:11(56802):1730931717:1370368558_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' note2L}aT7,_bZgc_tenure01.dta \ Group comparison data on tenure \ \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26..D_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' note0L}aT7,_b2~_dtaled'oled'ercooled' `all' note1L}aT7,_b@scottmf.dta \ Paul Allison data from 1999 SMR \ 2005\08\03.allisonsmrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}aT7,_hRAllison dropped all cases where year was 11+ \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dallisonsmrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}aT7,_h1cyearsqsmrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}yT7,_d%\ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dyearsqsmrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}yT7,_d1widrsqsmrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}iT7,_`9renamed from sdscid \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Didrsqsmrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}iT7,_`1yprestigerled'ercooled' `all' note1L}pT7,_f;renamed from jobprst3 \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dprestigerled'ercooled' `all' note0L}pT7,_f1uarticlesrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}aT7,_f7renamed from artp \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Darticlesrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}aT7,_f1xselectsrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}sT7,_d:renamed from bastinx \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dselectsrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}sT7,_d1uyeartsrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}yT7,_b7renamed from seqi \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dyeartsrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}yT7,_b1ytenuresrled'ercooled' `all' note1L}tT7,_d;renamed from toassoc2 \ gc_01ten01a.do jsl 2008-06-26.Dtenuresrled'ercooled' `all' note0L}tT7,_d1@= ףp=?@= ףp=? @ = ףp=?@= ףp=?@= ףp=? @= ףp=?@ = ףp=?@ .B:z@@)\( @@)\( @ @)\( @@ k%Q@@ k%Q@$@ k%Q@1@ k%Q@@@k%Q@@?"\@@?"\@ @?"\@@?"\@`@{= ?`@{= ? `@{= ?`@{= ?`@{= ?$`@{= ?@)\( @@)\(@ @)\(@@)\(@@)\(@$@ )\(@@q= ףp?@ @ @ @@?`@X~= @`@X~= @ `@X~= @`@X~= @`@k%Q@`@k%Q@ `@k%Q@`@k%Q@`@k%Q@$`@k%Q@1`@k%Q@@`@k%Q@ Q`@k%Q@ d`@k%Q@ y`@k%Q@ `@k%Q@@G@@G@ @ G@@ G@@G@@HzG?@HzG? @HzG?@HzG?@HzG?`@)\( @`@)\( @ `@)\( @`@)\( @`@)\( @$`@ )\( @1`@ G @@k%Q@@k%Q@ @k%Q@@ k%Q@@/@@/@ @/@@/@@ /@@{= ?@{= ? @{= ?@{= ?@`@@`@ @`@@`@@`@$@`@1@ `@@@ `@@ @@ @ @ @@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@ RQ@$@RQ@1@RQ@@@RQ@ Q@!RQ@ d@#RQ@ y@&RQ@ @)RQ@@{= ?@{= ? @{= ?@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@RQ@@ @@ @ @ @@ @@ @@ @ @ @@ @@Gz?@Gz? @Gz?@Gz?@Gz?$@$Gz?@333333?@333333? @333333?@333333?@333333?@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@.B:z@@)\( @@)\( @ @)\( @@)\( @@)\( @$@)\( @1@`@@@`@ Q@`@ d@`@ y@`@ @`@@{Gz?@{Gz? @{Gz?@{Gz?@k%Q@@`@@ `@ @`@@`@@`@$@`@1@ `@ @(\@ @(\@  @(\@ @(\@ @Vw֣@ @Vw֣@  @Vw֣@ @?"\@ @?"\@  @ ?"\@ @ ?"\@ @?"\@ $@?"\@`@k%Q@`@ k%Q@ `@Q?@ )\( @@ )\( @ @ )\( @@)\( @@)\( @`@Gz?`@Gz? `@Gz?`@Gz?`@.B:z@`@.B:z@ `@(\@`@ (\@`@ (\@@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@.B:z@$@.B:z@1@.B:z@@@.B:z@ Q@ffffff?`@ @`@ @ `@ @`@ @`@ @$`@ @1`@ @@`@ @ @G @ @G @  @ G @ @ G @ @G @"@ @"@ @" @ @"@ @"@ @"$@ @#@HzG?#@HzG?# @HzG?#@HzG?#@HzG?$@RQ@$@RQ@$ @RQ@$@RQ@$@RQ@$$@RQ@$1@RQ@$@@RQ@&@Q?&@Q?& @Q?&@Q?&@Q?&$@Q?-`@RQ@-`@RQ@- `@RQ@.`@{= ?.`@{= ?. `@q= ףp?.`@ q= ףp?.`@ q= ףp?.$`@ q= ףp?.1`@q= ףp?.@`@q= ףp?2`@ )\( @2`@ )\( @2 `@)\( @2`@)\( @2`@)\( @2$`@)\( @5@{Gz?5@{Gz?5 @{Gz?5@ {Gz?5@ {Gz?5$@{Gz?6@)\( @6@)\( @6 @)\( @6@)\( @6@ (\@8@.B:z@8@.B:z@8 @.B:z@8@.B:z@8@.B:z@8$@.B:z@81@.B:z@8@@.B:z@8 Q@.B:z@;@)\(@;@)\(@; @)\(@;@)\(@;@)\(@>@Q@>@Q@> @Q@>@Q@>@Q@>$@Q@>1@Q@>@@Q@> Q@Q@> d@Q@> y@Q@> @Q@> @Q@>@Q@>@Q@>@Q@B@,@33@N@(\?N@(\?O@Vw֣@O@Vw֣@O @ RQ@O@ RQ@O@RQ@O$@RQ@P@RQ@P@ RQ@P @ RQ@P@RQ@P@RQ@Q@.B:z@Q@.B:z@Q @Vw֣@Q@Vw֣@Q@Vw֣@Q$@Vw֣@Q1@Vw֣@Q@@Vw֣@Q Q@Vw֣@Q d@Vw֣@T`@G@T`@G@T `@G@T`@G@T`@G@T$`@G@T1`@ G@W@RQ@W@RQ@W @RQ@W@RQ@W@ RQ@W$@RQ@W1@RQ@_@!G@_@!G@_ @!G@_@!G@_@!G@_$@ !G@_1@ !G@c@{Gz?c@{Gz?c @{Gz?c@{Gz?c@{Gz?c$@{Gz?g@(\@g@(\@g @(\@g@(\@g@(\@g$@(\@m`@{= ?m`@{= ?m `@{= ?m`@{= ?m`@{= ?r@ffffff?r@ffffff?r @ffffff?r@ ffffff?r@ ffffff?r$@ ffffff?t@ @t@ @t @ @t@ @t@ @u?X~= @u?X~= @u ?X~= @u?X~= @u?X~= @u$?X~= @u1?X~= @u@?X~= @u Q?X~= @u d?X~= @u y?X~= @u ?X~= @u ?X~= @u? X~= @u? X~= @u? X~= @u!? X~= @w@G @w@G @w @G @w@G @w@ G @w$@ G @w1@G @w@@G @y@q= ףp?y@q= ףp?y @q= ףp?y@q= ףp?y@q= ףp?y$@q= ףp?y1@q= ףp?z@/@z@/@z @ /@z@ /@|@@|@@| @q= ףp?|@q= ףp?|@q= ףp?|$@q= ףp?|1@q= ףp?|@@q= ףp?| Q@q= ףp?| d@q= ףp?| y@q= ףp?| @q= ףp?| @q= ףp?|@q= ףp?|@q= ףp?|@q= ףp?~?(\@~?(\@~ ?(\@~?6vp@~?6vp@~$?6vp@~1?6vp@~@?6vp@~ Q?6vp@~ d? 6vp@~ y? 6vp@~ ?6vp@~ ?6vp@~?6vp@~?6vp@~?6vp@@{= ?@{= ? @{= ?@{= ?@{= ?@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@?@)\(@@)\(@ @)\(@@)\(@@)\(@@wl?@wl? @wl?@ wl?@ wl?$@ wl?@?@? @?@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@RQ@$@RQ@1@RQ@@@RQ@ Q@RQ@ d@RQ@ y@RQ@ @RQ@ @RQ@`@ )\(@`@(\@ `@(\@`@(\@@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@RQ@$@RQ@1@RQ@@@RQ@ Q@ffffff? d@ffffff? y@ffffff? @ ffffff? @ ffffff?@Gz?@Gz? @Gz?@Gz?@Gz?$@Gz?1@Gz?@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@.B:z@$@ .B:z@1@ .B:z@`@G @`@G @ `@G @`@G @`@G @$`@ffffff?@ @@ @`@`@`@`@ `@`@`@`@`@`@$`@`@1`@`@@`@`@ Q`@`@ d`@`@ y`@`@ `@`@ `@`@`@`@`@`@@)\( @@)\( @ @)\( @@)\( @@)\( @@)\( @@)\( @ @)\( @@ )\( @@ )\( @@)\( @@ )\( @ @)\( @@ @@ @ @ @@ @@ @$@ @1@ @@?"\@@ ?"\@ @ ?"\@@ ?"\@@ ?"\@$@?"\@@6vp @@6vp @ @6vp @@6vp @@6vp @$@HzG?@{= ?@{= ? @{= ?@{= ?@{= ?@wl?@ wl? @ wl?@\(\?@\(\? @@@@@@$@Q@@(\@@(\@ @(\@@(\@@(\@$@(\@1@(\@@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@`@(\@`@(\@ `@ (\@`@(\@`@(\@@)\( @@)\( @ @)\( @@)\( @@)\( @$@ )\( @1@ )\( @@(\@@(\@ @(\@@(\@`@X~= @`@X~= @ `@ X~= @`@ X~= @`@ X~= @@G @@G @ @G @@G @@?@? @?@?@?$@?1@?`@k%Q@`@k%Q@ `@k%Q@`@ k%Q@`@ k%Q@`@G @`@G @ `@ G @`@ G @`@ G @$`@ G @1`@G @@{= ?@{= ? @X~= @ @ X~= @  @ X~= @ @ X~= @ @ X~= @ $@ X~= @ 1@? `@ )\( @ `@)\( @  `@)\( @ `@)\( @ `@)\( @ $`@)\( @ @,@33@ @,@33@  @,@33@ @,@33@ @,@33@ $@,@33@ 1@,@33@ @ Gz? @ Gz?  @Gz? @Gz? @.B:z@ @.B:z@  @.B:z@ @)\(@ @)\(@ @,@33@ @,@33@  @,@33@ @ ,@33@ @ ,@33@ $@ .B:z@ @G @ @G @  @G @ ?? ??  ?? @.B:z@ @.B:z@  @.B:z@ @.B:z@! @Q@! @Q@!  @Q@" @ @" @ @"  @ @" @ @' @ Q?' @ Q?'  @ Q?' @ Q?' @Q?' $@Q?' 1@Q?' @@Q?' Q@Q?' d@Q?' y@Q?' @Q?' @Q?' @Q?- @Q@- @Q@-  @ Q@- @ Q@- @Q@- $@Q@- 1@Q@0 @q= ףp?0 @q= ףp?0  @q= ףp?0 @q= ףp?0 @q= ףp?0 $@q= ףp?0 1@q= ףp?0 @@q= ףp?0 Q@q= ףp?3 @Q@3 @Q@3  @Q@3 @Q@3 @Q@4 @RQ@4 @RQ@4  @RQ@4 @RQ@4 @RQ@4 $@RQ@5 `@G@5 `@G@5  `@G@5 `@G@5 `@G@6 @k%Q@6 @k%Q@6  @Q?6 @Q?7 @333333?7 @333333?7  @ 333333?7 @ 333333?7 @ 333333?7 $@ 333333?9 @,@33@9 @,@33@9  @,@33@9 @,@33@9 @,@33@9 $@ ,@33@9 1@ ,@33@: @ffffff?: @ffffff?:  @ffffff?: @ffffff?: @ffffff?: $@ffffff?= `@?= `@?=  `@?= `@?@ @{= ?@ @{= ?@  @{= ?@ @{= ?@ @{= ?@ $@?E @.B:z@E @ .B:z@E  @ .B:z@E @ .B:z@E @ .B:z@E $@ .B:z@E 1@ .B:z@E @@ .B:z@E Q@ .B:z@E d@ .B:z@E y@ .B:z@E @ .B:z@I @ffffff@I @ffffff@I  @ffffff@I @ffffff@L @q= ףp?L @ q= ףp?L  @ q= ףp?L @ q= ףp?L @ q= ףp?L $@q= ףp?L 1@q= ףp?O @G@O @ G@O  @ G@O @ G@O @ G@O $@ G@O 1@G@O @@G@O  Q@G@S @Gz?S @ Gz?S  @ Gz?S @ Gz?S @ Gz?S $@Gz?T @k%Q@T @k%Q@T  @ףp= ?T @ףp= ?T @ףp= ?W @X~= @W @X~= @W  @X~= @W @X~= @W @ X~= @\ @(\@\ @(\@\  @(\@\ @(\@\ @(\@\ $@(\@] @)\(@] @)\(@]  @)\(@] @)\(@] @)\(@] $@)\(@_ @)\( @_ @)\( @_  @ )\( @_ @ )\( @_ @ )\( @_ $@)\( @_ 1@)\( @_ @@)\( @_  Q@)\( @` @)\( @` @)\( @`  @)\( @` @)\( @` @)\( @` $@)\( @` 1@)\( @b `@@b `@@b  `@@b `@@b `@@d @{Gz?d @{Gz?d  @{Gz?d @{Gz?d @{Gz?d $@{Gz?g `@ @g `@ @h @ffffff@h @ffffff@h  @ffffff@h @ ffffff@h @ ffffff@h $@ ffffff@k @(\?k @(\?k  @(\?k @ (\?k @ (\?l @ffffff?l @ffffff?l  @ ffffff?l @ ffffff?l @ ffffff?m @.B:z@m @.B:z@m  @$.B:z@n @.B:z@n @.B:z@n  @.B:z@q @?q @?q  @?q @?q @?q $@?t @{Gz?t @{Gz?t  @{Gz?t @{Gz?t @{Gz?u @ףp= @u @ףp= @u  @ףp= @u @ףp= @u @ףp= @x @ffffff?x @ffffff?x  @ffffff?x @ ffffff?z @ @z @ @z  @ @{ @\(\?{ @\(\?{  @\(\?{ @\(\?{ @ \(\?{ $@ \(\?{ 1@\(\?{ @@\(\?{ Q@\(\?{ d@\(\?{ y@ \(\?{ @#\(\?Y@k%Q@Y@k%Q@Y @k%Q@Y@ k%Q@^@/@^@/@^ @/@^@/@^@/@^$@/@^1@/@^@@/@^ Q@/@^ d@/@^ y@/@^ @/@^ @/@^@/@_@ Gz?_@ Gz?_ @Gz?_@Gz?a@G @a@G @a @ G @a@G @a@G @a$@G @f@{= ?f@{= ?f @{= ?f@{= ?h@k%Q@h@k%Q@h @k%Q@h@k%Q@m@RQ@m@RQ@m @RQ@m@RQ@m@RQ@m$@RQ@m1@ 6vp @o@)\( @o@)\( @o @)\( @o@)\( @o@)\( @o$@)\( @p@)\(@p@)\(@p @)\(@r@G @r@G @r @G @r@ G @s@[6t?s@[6t?s @[6t?s@[6t?s@[6t?y@G @y@G @y @G @y@G @y@G @y$@G @~@6vp @~@6vp @~ @6vp @~@6vp @~@6vp @~$@6vp @~1@6vp @~@@6vp @~ Q@6vp @~ d@6vp @@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@RQ@$@RQ@1@RQ@@ G @@ G @ @G @@G @@G @@RQ@@ RQ@ @ RQ@@RQ@@RQ@@@@@ @@@@@ @$@ @1@ @@@ @ Q@ @ d@ @ y@ @@ k%Q@@?@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@.B:z@$@.B:z@1@ .B:z@@@ .B:z@@wl?@wl? @?`@(\@`@(\@ `@(\@`@(\@`@G @@(\@@(\@ @G @@ @@ @ @ @@ @@ @@(\@@(\@ @(\@@(\@@(\@$@(\@@?@? @?@?@?$@?@G @@G @ @G @@G @@)\( @@)\( @ @?@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@ .B:z@$@ .B:z@1@.B:z@@@.B:z@ Q@.B:z@@\(\?@\(\? @\(\?@\(\?@\(\?$@\(\?1@\(\?@ffffff?@ffffff? @ffffff?@G @@(\@@(\@ @(\@@(\@@ @@6vp @@6vp @ @ 6vp @@ 6vp @@6vp @$@6vp @@.B:z@@.B:z@ @.B:z@@.B:z@@ .B:z@$@ .B:z@1@ 6vp@@G @@G @ @G @@ G @@ G @$@G @1@G @@@G @ Q@G @ d@G @ y@ffffff@`@(\@`@(\@ `@(\@`@(\@`@(\@$`@(\@1`@(\@@`@(\@@{= ?@{= ? @{= ?@{= ?@{= ?$@{= ?1@ {= ?@@ {= ?@`@@`@ @`@@`@@`@@RQ@@RQ@ @RQ@@RQ@@ RQ@$@ RQ@@G @@G @ @G @@G @@ G @@ G @ @ G @@G@@G@ @G@@G@@G@$@X~= @1@X~= @@@X~= @@6vp @@6vp @ @6vp @@6vp @@6vp @$@ @`@RQ@`@RQ@ `@RQ@`@ RQ@`@RQ@$`@RQ@1`@RQ@@Gz?@Gz? @Gz?@Gz?@Gz?@`@@`@ @`@@`@@`@$@`@@ @@ @ @ @@ @@ @$@Q?@Q?@Q? @Q?@Q?@Q?$@Q?1@{= ?@Gz@@Gz@ @Gz@@Gz@@Gz@$@Gz@1@Gz@@@Gz@ Q@Gz@ d@Gz@ y@Gz@ @Gz@ @ Gz@@ Gz@@ Gz@@ Gz@!@ Gz@D@ Gz@i@ Gz@@ Gz@@X~= @@X~= @ @X~= @@X~= @@X~= @$@X~= @1@X~= @@@ X~= @@X~= @@X~= @@G@Gz?>@Gz?> @Gz?>@Gz?@@(\@@@(\@@ @(\@@@!G@@@!G@@$@!G@@1@!G@@@@!G@@ Q@!G@@ d@!G@@ y@!G@@ @!G@E@ @E@ @E @ @E@ @E@ @H@ @H@ @H @ @H@ @H@ @H$@ @I@(\@I@(\@I @(\@I@(\@J@G@J@G@J @ G@J@ G@L@G(@.B:z@>(@.B:z@>( @.B:z@>(@ .B:z@R(@RQ@R(@RQ@R( @ RQ@R(@ @R(@ @R($@ @U(@ffffff?U(@ffffff?U( @ffffff?U(@ffffff?U(@wl?U($@wl?U(1@wl?U(@@wl?U( Q@wl?W(@ RQ@W(@RQ@W( @RQ@W(@RQ@W(@RQ@X(@@X(@@X( @@X(@@X(@X~= @X($@X~= @X(1@X~= @X(@@X~= @X( Q@X~= @X( d@X~= @X( y@X~= @X( @X~= @^(@RQ@^(@RQ@^( @RQ@^(@RQ@^(@X~= @`(@)\( @`(@)\( @`( @.B:z@`(@.B:z@`(@ .B:z@`($@ .B:z@t(@G @t(@G @t( @G @t(@G @|(@ @|(@ @|( @ @|(@ @|(@ @|($@ @(@@(@@( @@(@@(@@(@.B:z@(@.B:z@( @.B:z@(@ .B:z@(@ .B:z@($@.B:z@(1@.B:z@(@@.B:z@(@)\(@(@)\(@( @)\(@(@)\(@(@)\(@($@)\(@(1@)\(@(@@)\(@(@`@(@`@( @`@(@G