Revolutions of 1848
Nations, States, and Europe after 1848Background Reading
Merriman, History of Modern Europe, vol. 2, on 1848 (pp. 670-707) and on Italian and German "unification" (pp. 707-736) .Discussion: 11-12 Feb. 2009, Knowing History, Making Revolutions
Students whose last names begin with R-Z must submit written answers to Reading Questions this week.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (Feb. 1848), at least chapters one and two, on-line.
Guiseppe Mazzini, “Europe, Its Condition and Prospects,” Westminster Review (1852), edited version. You may also want to see his Essay on the Duties of Man, Addressed to Workingmen, on-line edition.
King Victor Emmanuel II, "Address to Italian Parliament" (1871), on-line.
[if you are especially interested in relations between the Italian state and the Papacy, you may also want to look at Pope Pius IX, "Respicientes" (encyclical protesting the taking of the Pontifical States by Italy, 1870), on-line in English.
Further Reading
David Blackbourn and Geoff Eley, The Peculiarities of German History (1984).
John Breuilly, The Formation of the First German Nation-State (1996).
Istvan Deak, The Lawful Revolution : Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848-1849 (1979).
Michael Geyer and Charles Bright, "Global Violence and Nationalizing Wars in Eurasia and America: the Geopolitics of War in the Mid Nineteenth-Century," Comparative Studies in Society and History (Oct. 1996).
Paul Ginsborg, Daniele Manin and the Venetian revolution of 1848-49 (1979).
Dominic Lieven, "Dilemmas of Empire 1850-1918. Power, Territory, Identity," Journal of Contemporary History (1999), 163-200.
Lucy Riall, The Italian Risorgimento: Society, Politics, and National Unification (1994).
Wolfram Siemann, The German Revolution of 1848-1849 (1998).
Jonathan Sperber, The European Revolutions, 1848-1851 (1994).
Jonathan Sperber, Popular Catholicism in Nineteenth-Century Germany(1984).
