Rising conservatism in the 1930s

• The hostility toward the West, compounded by the economic difficulties.
• The London Naval Conference of 1930: The limit on the naval tonnage for Japanese ships led to widespread protest in the Japanese army and navy.
• It also led to the shooting of PM Hamaguchi, who negotiated the treaty, by a right winger.
• Right wing organizations:
  • The Cherry Blossom Society (1930, Hashimoto Kingoro). (414)
  • Blood Brotherhood.
  • Imperial Way Faction in the army.
  • Planned coups (1931, p.415) and actual assassinations (May, 1932, p.415)
• Ishihawa(407, 408, 410) and Matsuoka (417-418): young conservatives in charge.

  That they came from very different backgrounds but concurred on Japan's mission at home and abroad showed the extent of conservatism in 1930s Japan.  That their modern education  was irrelevant in bringing them closer to the West contrasted with the impact of modern education on Jahana, Kinoshita, and Matsuura Isami.