NOTES
Links to summaries of key issues for each topic
VISUALS
Links to images employed in lectures on a topic-by-topic basis
TEXT
Link to chapter outlines at online learning center at McGraw Hill.
NOTES
Links to summaries of key issues for each topic
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Plankton: Primary Producers
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Notes on Topic:
The notes represent summaries
of key issues for each topic
They emphasize the terminology used to
describe the various phenomena.
| 3. Plankton: |
| Learning Objectives: |
- Comprehension of habitats and lifestyle of planktonic organisms
- Understanding of characteristics of plant and animal forms of plankton
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| Size Characteristics: |
- Divided by size:
- ultraplankton (bacteria, <5µm)
- microplankton (5 - 10µm)
- nannoplankton (<50µm)
- larger forms prevalent in strong currents, net plankton.
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| Phytoplankton: |
- Unicellular plants:
- photosynthetic autotrophs (few heterotrophs), may occur in filaments
- Diatoms with siliceous frustules:
- radial (centric) or bilateral (pennate)
- reproduces by division, which can create blooms
- dinoflagellate (heterotrophs, autotrophs)
- blooms can cause toxic red 'tides'
- flagella for propulsion.
- Coccolithophorids
- photoautotrophs with calcareous plates
- Also, silicoflagellates
- Bacteria include:
- heterotrophs, photoautotrophic cyanobacteria
- nannoplankters, microflagellate feeders
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| Zooplankton: |
- Consumers, graze on phytoplankton;
- some swim,
- most suspension feeders:
- use hairs or mucous to capture particles.
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| Holoplankton: |
- Free-floating zooplankton, dominate in open ocean;
- crustacea: copepods, euphausiids (larger, include krill)
- arthropods with chitinous shells, specialized appendages
- chaetognaths (arrowworms)
- foraminifera (calcareous tests), radiolaria (siliceous tests)
- capture food particles with filaments
- tintinnids, pteropods, ctenophores, salps (tunicates)
- gelatinous plankton:
- jellyfish (coelenterata)
- two-layered body wall and digestive cavity
- tentacles and stinging cells
- siphonophores:
- colonies of individuals that function as a single animal
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| Meroplankton: |
- Planktonic larval forms of benthic animals
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| Toxins: |
- Fish kills from red tides
- toxins from dinoflagellates, or diatoms
- human poisoning from various sources, especially shellfish
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Department of Geological Sciences,
1001 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1403
Phone: (812) 855-5582 Last updated: 7 December 2000
Comments: simon@indiana.edu
Copyright
2000, The Trustees of Indiana University
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