U469  Mongolia:  Theocracy, Communism, Democracy
(formerly Mongols of the 20th Century)
Week 7:  Tuesday
 

 

  1. Politics: 1923-1928
    1. 1923-1924:  "General" Danzin as maximum leader
      1. Sükhebaataur dies, replaced by Danzin
        1. Patriotic official Tserindorji as PM
      2. 1st Party Congress:  August, 1923:  ally "Japanese" Danzin as party chief
        1. Party membership grows, becomes more powerful
      3. Reviving China trade from autumn, 1923
        1. What about Chinese debts?  Relations with US?
        2. Can the cooperatives really control the China trade?
        3. Beijing's warlords vs. pro-Soviet KMT in the south?
      4. Death of the 8th Jibzundamba:  What kind of republic?
    2. Fall of Danzin
      1. The Opposition:  Rinchino, Youth League
        1. Rinchino and Danzin fight in summer 1924, make up
      2. Thirdy Party Congress:  August-September, 1924
        1. Rinchino accuses Danzin as pro-Chinese; Danzin executed
        2. Rinchino elevates Dambadorji and Choibalsang
        3. Youth League also warned:  one party only!
      3. Proclamation of a People's Republic, Nov. 1924
      4. Party joins Comintern, party name change:  MPRP
    3. Rinchino vs. Ryskulov:  personal quarrel and policy implications
      1. Ryskulov: 1st official Comintern representative (arrives Oct. 1924)
      2. Dambadorji, etc., following Rinchino vs. patriotic officials faction
      3. Both recalled, summer 1925; Rinchino's pan-Mongolism criticized
      4. 1925; Mongolia forced to recognize Tuva as separate state
    4. The Dambadorji regime
      1. Dambadorji heads party, Tserindorji as PM, Choibalsang as C-in-C
      2. Dambadorji: joined party in 1921; Chinese actress wife; knew Russian
      3. Tserindorji: patriotic official, dies 1927
      4. Matvei Innokentevich Amagaev: new Comintern agent, W. Buriat
  2. Foreign Policy: Hopes for revolution with China
    1. Sino-Soviet negotiations
      1. From May, 1924: USSR recognized by China
      2. USSR says Mongolia part of Chinese suzerainty
      3. Soviet troops leave Mongolia, winter-spring 1924-5
    2. Chinese Warlords and the Nationalist Revolution
      1. Nov.-Dec., 1924: new warlord war, last straw, Beijing paralyzed
      2. Northeast Zhang Zuolin/Chang Tso-lin: anti-Communist
      3. South: KMT (Sun Yat-sen), Communists: Soviet supported
      4. Northwest: Feng Yuxiang/Yü-hsiang: Soviet supported, KMT ally
      5. 1925-1928: Zhang defeated, Chiang Kai-shek (KMT) new ruler,
      6. April, 1927: CKS turns violently anti-Communist, anti-Soviet
    3. MPRP and Inner Mongolia
      1. Early ties in Hulun Buir (Eastern Border People’s Party)
      2. 1925-1927: MPRP allies with KMT, sponsors new IMPRP
      3. 1924: KMT program says its support autonomy, self-determination
      4. 1927-8: IMPRP splits, failed uprisings in Khölön Buir, etc.