L100 Exam Two - part 1 -

Cellular Respiration

1. What is the function of cellular respiration?  Understand when it happens and for what reason.  What would happen if we didn't cellular respirate, why?  What organisms cellular respirate?

2. What are the overall inputs and outputs of cellular respiration? Understand the chemical formula for cellular respiration (and photosynthesis).  

3. What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration? 

4. Know the stages of cellular respiration. During which stage is the most ATP formed?  When is CO₂ given off?  When is O₂ used? Make sure you understand where the inputs are coming from (outputs of other stages, or inputs from outside C.R.). Replicate the chart that we made in class which listed all of the inputs and outputs from the fourstages and how some of them cycle back? Note that ATP doesn't cycle back - what is ATP used for?

5. Why is O₂ necessary for cellular respiration?

6. Explain the two ways ATP is formed during cellular respiration: substrate-level ATPsynthesis vs. ATP production via electron transport chain.

7. In our discussion about cellular respiration, we concentrated on the breakdown of a glucose molecule.  What happens when we eat starch, fats or proteins?  (Hint: Remind yourself of the monomers of each of these macromolecules).

8. What is fermentation?  Who does it? When? How does it compare to aerobic cellular respiration? What are the differences between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?