L100 - Exam One (part three) - Energy, Enzymes and ATP

1. Explain the 1st and 2nd Law of Thermodynamics in basic terms.

2. Define kenetic energy. Define potential energy. How do these two forms of energy relate to one another

3. Heat is the by-product of which chemical reactions - why?

4. Explain why we talk about food being a form of chemical energy. Is this potential or kenetic energy?

5. Using an example, explain how potential energy and kinetic energy are inter-related. What is meant by "energy-coupling" between endergonic and exergonic reactions?

6. What is activation energy and how do enzymes play a role in the activation energy? Explain what is meant by a biological catalyst.

7. Enzymes are said to have a high specificity. What is meant by this? It might help to relate this to the labs we did using enzymes. For example, why did Lactase break down lactose but not sucrose? Why did pepsin work better when combined with HCl? How are enzymes afftect by chemical reactions, or are they? Explain.

8. What is a biochemical pathway?

9. What are enzyme inhibitors?

10. What is ATP?

11. ATP drives cellular "work." What is work? Understand the cycle between ATP --> ADP + P. Which direction is energy released? Which direction is energy stored?

12. An oxidative-reduction reaction is a coupling of two reactions. What does oxidation mean and reduction mean in these context?