A105 Quiz 2 Answer Key

A105 Human Origins and Prehistory
A105 Quiz 2 Answer Key

Correct answers to the questions are italicized. The answers given for the fill in the blank questions are the most direct phrasing; many of you received credit for answers that were worded differently.

1. The "fast" version of the loris is called
     A. a gibbon
     B. a galago ("bush baby")
     C. a ring-tail
     D. a tarsier

2. Which of the following tarsier characteristics are primitive?
     A. Forward facing eyes
     B. Lack of a rhinarium (wet nose)
     C. Small body size
     D. Single births

3. Which group of primates is confined to Madagascar?
Lemurs/Lemuroidea

4. What group of monkeys is the most primitive?
     A. Marmosets and tamarins
     B. Monkeys with prehensile tails
     C. Terrestrial monkeys like baboons
     D. Monkeys that specialize on eating leaves

5. Which of these groups of monkeys are sometimes called "leaf monkeys?"
     A. Cercopithecines
     B. Callitrichids (marmosets and tamarins)
     C. Cebids (capuchins, squirrel monkeys, etc.)
     D. Colobines

6. What conditions must be met in order for a behavior to evolve?
     A. It must be entirely genetically determined
     B. It must have a genetic component
     C. It must be variable within a population
     D. Both B and C.

7. The average ability of an animal to reproduce and to help relatives reproduce is called
Inclusive fitness

8. What is the main constraint on reproduction for female primates?
     A. Availability of food (for energy)
     B. Availability of mates
     C. Number of copulations
     D. Personal attractiveness

9. When male langur monkeys take over a group, they sometimes kill the young infants. The sociobiological explanation for this is that it
     A. increases the reproductive success of the male
     B. causes the mothers to stop lactating and come into estrus quickly
     C. causes the mothers to become sexually receptive to the male
     D. all of these

10. Which of the following ARE NOT hominoids?
     A. bonobos
     B. chimpanzees
     C. gorillas
     D. baboons

11. What postcranial physical trait is seen in SOME (but not all) New World monkeys but NOT in Old World monkeys?
Prehensile tail (Remember, postcranial means below the neck, so the different nose shape would not qualify, though you got credit this time.)

12. Which of the following are very large, sexually dimorphic, and live largely solitary lives?
     A. orangutans
     B. chimpanzees
     C. gibbons
     D. gorillas

13. What is a typical gorilla social group?
     A. one or two males, one adult female, and offspring
     B. large numbers of adult males, adult females, and offspring
     C. solitary except for females with dependent offspring
     D. an adult male, a few adult females and offspring, occasionally with one or two non-breeding males

14. Which of the "great" apes is genetically the most different from the others?
    A. gorilla
    B. chimpanzee
    C. orangutan
    D. bonobo

15. In social groups, dominance
     A. tends to increase an individual's access to resources
     B. is always determined solely by physical strength
     C. is not very important to individuals
     D. is not seen in most primate species

16. Nonhuman primate males
     A. never show an interest in infants.
     B. are always aggressive toward infants.
    C. contribute as much as females do toward infant care.
     D. are occasionally involved in infant care.

17. According to sociobiology,
     A. most primate behaviors are primarily due to genetic factors
     B. individuals act to increase their reproductive success
     C. individuals act to enhance the survival of their species
     D. individuals consciously, intentionally act to ensure that their genes are passed on

18. Communication among primates can be
     A. deliberate.
     B. achieved through autonomic responses (i.e., unintentional and spontaneous)
     C. achieved through body postures
     D. all of these.

19. The earliest primates
     A. are well identified from the fossil record
     B. were very similar to modern monkeys.
     C. were more primitive than later forms and are sometimes difficult to distinguish from other mammals.
     D. are impossible to identify, because they lacked teeth.

20. During which geological epoch (time period) do the first anthropoids appear?
Eocene

21. Name the most significant, complete fossil primate from the Fayum (Egypt).
Aegyptopithecus

22. Which of the following statements is true?
     A. The total number of primate species has increased steadily since the beginning of the Pleistocene.
     B. There are fewer ape species living today than during the Miocene.
     C. Ape fossils have been found only in Africa.
     D. There are more ape species living today than ever before.

23. The Sivapithecus cranium found in Pakistan most resembles which living primate?
     A. gorilla
     B. chimpanzee
     C. gibbon
     D. orangutan

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